Turkey's Most Imported Products
Due to its geographical location and economic structure, Turkey imports a wide range of products. The country mainly supplies various raw materials, intermediate goods, and consumer products from abroad to meet its industrial and consumption needs. The leading product groups in imports play a significant role in Turkey's production structure and foreign trade balance.
Among the most imported products are machinery and mechanical appliances, electrical devices, mineral fuels, plastics, and chemical products. These goods are used as raw materials in production processes as well as for meeting consumer electronics and fuel needs.
The increasing share of technological products in Turkey’s import structure enhances the development of the industry and integration with foreign markets. Furthermore, the rise in intermediate goods imports provides an essential resource to improve the quality and diversity of domestic production.
| Product Group | Description | Import Share (%) |
|---|---|---|
| Machinery and Mechanical Appliances | Machines and equipment used in industrial production | 20% |
| Electrical Devices | Consumer electronics and industrial electrical products | 15% |
| Mineral Fuels | Energy resources such as petroleum and natural gas | 18% |
| Plastics and Plastic Products | Plastic raw materials for industrial and consumer purposes | 10% |
| Chemical Products | Pharmaceuticals, paint, fertilizers, and other chemical substances | 12% |
Important Note
Turkey's imported products may vary depending on global economic fluctuations and energy prices. Especially increases in energy and raw material prices are among the critical factors affecting the total import value.
Turkey's Top Import Partners
The countries from which Turkey imports are shaped by economic relations, geographical proximity, and trade agreements. The country mostly imports from key trade partners in Asia, Europe, and the Middle East. These countries are critically important for Turkey's industry and consumption needs.
Among the countries with the largest share in imports, China, Germany, Russia, and the USA stand out. China is Turkey's largest import partner in electronics and intermediate goods supply, while Germany leads in machinery, automotive, and chemical products. Russia, on the other hand, holds a critical position in the import of energy products.
Moreover, trade relations with neighboring countries play a significant role in Turkey's imports. Imports from countries such as Iran and Italy are valuable, especially for sourcing intermediate goods and raw materials. Trade with these countries contributes to balancing Turkey's foreign trade.
China
Turkey's largest partner in electronics and intermediate goods imports.
Import Share: 22%Germany
An important trade partner for machinery, automotive, and chemical products.
Import Share: 15%Russia
A key supplier, especially for energy resources and strategic products.
Import Share: 13%Important Note
The countries from which Turkey imports can be affected by economic and political developments. Therefore, foreign trade strategies are shaped according to these changes, and the search for new markets continues.
Turkey's Import Data by Years Since 1960
Turkey's import data have shown significant changes from 1960 to the present, in line with economic developments, foreign policy, and global trade balances. While imports in the 1960s mainly consisted of basic industrial products and consumer goods, the development of industrial infrastructure over time increased the import of technology and intermediate goods.
The economic liberalization policies and export-oriented growth strategy implemented after 1980 led to a rapid increase in import volume. Especially in the 2000s, there was a substantial increase in the import of technology, energy, and intermediate goods.
The table below summarizes Turkey's annual import values for the period 1960–2024. The data clearly show the development of Turkey's foreign trade and economic growth trends.
| Year | Import Value (Billion $) | Annual Change (%) |
|---|---|---|
| 1960 | 1.2 | - |
| 1970 | 4.8 | 300 |
| 1980 | 12.5 | 160 |
| 1990 | 45.3 | 262 |
| 2000 | 79.1 | 75 |
| 2010 | 206.5 | 161 |
| 2020 | 219.4 | 6 |
| 2024 | 249.5 | 3.7 |
Important Note
Increases in annual import data reflect Turkey's economic growth and globalization processes. However, external factors such as exchange rates and global crises may also cause fluctuations in import volumes.
Regional Distribution of Imports in Turkey
Import activities in Turkey are concentrated in certain provinces depending on logistics infrastructure, ports, and the density of industrial zones. The majority of imports occur in provinces near major ports and industrial centers, which serve as the country's gateway to foreign trade.
Istanbul stands out as Turkey’s largest import hub. A significant portion of imports enters the country through this city thanks to both its seaport and road connections. Additionally, industrial and port cities such as Kocaeli, Bursa, and Izmir also have a high share of import volume.
The distribution of imports by province is directly related to factors such as economic development, infrastructure investments, and industrial capacity. Therefore, in addition to major cities, provinces with organized industrial zones also report higher import figures.
Istanbul
Turkey's largest import gateway, with critical importance due to its ports and logistics centers.
Import Share: 40%Kocaeli
An important center for imports with its industrial facilities and port infrastructure.
Import Share: 15%Izmir
The most important port city of the Aegean Region, with a high volume of imports.
Import Share: 10%Bursa
A region with high demand for imports due to dense automotive and textile industries.
Import Share: 8%Important Note
The distribution of imports by province may change over time with regional development policies and infrastructure investments. New centers may also come to the fore as logistics networks develop.
Monthly Import Reports
Turkey's import volume varies across the months of the year depending on seasonal changes, economic fluctuations, and global market conditions. Monthly import reports are an important data source for supply chain management and the planning of foreign trade strategies.
Especially in the second half of the year, increases in import volume are observed in parallel with rises in consumption and production. On the other hand, there may be decreases in import volume at the beginning of the year or during certain special periods. These fluctuations also differ by sector.
The table below presents monthly import data for 2024. This data is useful for analyzing the periods with concentrated import activity and the seasonal distribution of trade.
| Month | Import Value (Billion $) | Annual Change (%) |
|---|---|---|
| January | 24.5 | -22.1 |
| February | 22.8 | -18.5 |
| March | 25.0 | -15.3 |
| April | 23.7 | -20.0 |
| May | 24.9 | -19.2 |
| June | 23.0 | -21.5 |
| July | 21.7 | -8.6 |
| August | 22.9 | -10.1 |
| September | 23.5 | -9.0 |
| October | 27.5 | -0.7 |
| November | 26.3 | +2.3 |
| December | 28.0 | +5.5 |
Important Note
Monthly changes in import values are affected by factors such as economic policies, exchange rates, and external demand. Therefore, it is important to continuously monitor current data when planning imports.
Import Analysis by Mode of Transport
The modes of transport used in Turkey's imports vary according to cost, speed, product type, and geographical conditions. Road, sea, air, and rail transport each offer different advantages and disadvantages, enabling effective management of import processes.
Sea transport is the most economical method preferred for high-volume and heavy loads. Most of Turkey's imports, carried out through major ports, are made by sea. Especially raw materials and large machinery are transported by this method.
Air transport is used for high-value and sensitive products that require fast delivery. Electronic devices, pharmaceuticals, and fashion products are among the main items imported by air.
Sea Transport
The most commonly used method in Turkey’s imports. Economical for transporting high-volume and heavy products.
Import Share: 65%Road Transport
Provides fast and flexible transport for trade with neighboring countries. Widely used at land border gates.
Import Share: 20%Air Transport
Preferred for valuable and sensitive products requiring fast delivery. Heavily used in pharmaceuticals, electronics, and fashion sectors.
Import Share: 10%Rail Transport
Provides economical and reliable transport over long distances. Plays an important role especially in trade between Europe and Asia.
Import Share: 5%Important Note
The choice of transport mode should be made by considering product characteristics, delivery time, and cost balance. Combined transport methods can increase efficiency in import processes.
Frequently Asked Questions About Imports
Here you will find the most frequently asked questions and answers about import processes. This section provides useful information for companies and individuals who are new to imports or want to better understand the process.
How long do import procedures take?
Import procedures vary depending on the type and origin of the product and customs procedures, but are generally completed within a few days to a few weeks.
Which documents are required for imports?
Generally, documents such as proforma invoice, commercial invoice, bill of lading, certificate of origin, and customs declaration are required. Additional documents may be requested depending on the type of product.
How are taxes and duties calculated in imports?
Customs duties, VAT, special consumption tax, and other charges are applied at different rates depending on the product's category, value, and origin. Detailed calculations are made under customs regulations.
What should be considered when importing?
Compliance with product standards, adherence to customs regulations, transport and insurance procedures, choosing reliable suppliers, and cost analysis should be prioritized.
Is it necessary to get consultancy services during the import process?
Due to the complexity of customs and foreign trade regulations, obtaining professional consultancy is important for a fast and accurate process.
Important Note
Import processes can be dynamic and complex. Therefore, keeping up to date with regulations and working with experts reduces risks and increases success.
